乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地温变化特征及其影响因子     

罗凤敏  高君亮  辛智鸣  郝玉光  王丽娜  李帅 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):179-186

基于内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站监测数据，分析2014年1—12月不同土层的地温数据及同期气象数据，进而阐明乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地温变化特征。结果表明：（1）乌兰布和沙漠地温及气温具有显著的日变化特征，气温最高值与最低值出现时刻相对巴丹吉林沙漠提前2 h，相对东部地区滞后1 h；地温与气温季节变化特征一致，各季节地温最值出现时刻相对气温滞后1 h；（2）地温变化速率随着土壤深度的增加而减小，在土壤深度达到70 cm以后，地温全年在0℃以上；低于0℃的5 cm地温持续时间约为4个月；（3）地温与空气温度、太阳辐射变化趋势一致，地温相对太阳辐射及气温明显滞后。相关分析与逐步回归表明，对地温变化起决定作用的环境因子为空气温度、蒸发量、太阳总辐射、风速、空气相对湿度、降水。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干荒漠-绿洲过渡带尘卷风活动特征——以肖塘为例     

马明杰  杨兴华  何清  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  周成龙  霍文 《中国沙漠》2019,39(2):115-121

利用1992-2011年塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带肖塘气象站的观测资料，分析了该地区尘卷风的年、月变化规律及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明：（1）1992-2011年尘卷风发生日数总体呈波动递减趋势；尘卷风主要发生在3-9月，占全年总日数的90.9%，其中4-7月占全年总日数的70%左右。（2）尘卷风月发生日数随月平均地表与1.5 m高处温差的增大而线性增加（r=0.875，P<0.01）。（3）尘卷风月发生日数随着月平均风速的增大而幂函数增加（r=0.89，P<0.01）。（4）尘卷风月发生日数随月平均相对湿度的增大而线性减少（r=-0.869，P<0.01）。  相似文献   

海表面温度时空变异特征及对验证误差影响     

蒋锦刚  徐曜  聂晨晖  潘骁骏  周斌 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):336-348

海洋要素的变化存在明显的区域性和季节性的变化特性,本文选择海洋要素中最为突出的海表面温度(SST)要素作为主要分析参数,设计时空变异参数的计算指标,分析时空变异对验证误差影响的关系,通过研究及试验的数据精度验证,证明了时空变异是造成误差的直接原因之一。强烈的时空属性变异,在验证过程中会引入很大的验证误差,处于不同变异等级区划的数据,其验证结果相对误差可达13.08%,变异越剧烈的区域,精度验证效果越差,验证误差就越大,这些误差并非完全是遥感产品的误差,验证结果不具有代表性,不能真实的反映遥感产品的误差特征。对于SST等海洋遥感产品验证时,需要考虑时空变异对验证误差的影响和贡献,合理选择验证试验区域、代表性的评价数据集和科学的评价方法。  相似文献   

Soil Respiration Dynamics and Influencing Factors in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia under Long-term Nitrogen Addition     

DU Wei  WU Shanmei  NIE Cheng  LI Yue  SHAO Rui  LIU Yinghui  SUN Nan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):155-162

We investigated soil respiration (Rs) dynamics and influencing factors under different nitrogen (N) addition levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 g m^-2 yr^-1) on typical grassland plots in Inner Mongolia. We measured soil respiration, temperature, moisture and nutrients. We found that N addition did not change dynamic characteristics of Rs; daily and seasonal dynamics followed a single peak curve. N addition reduced Rs during the growing season. Rs under N2, N4, N8, N16 and N32 treatments decreased by 24.00%, 21.93%, 23.49%, 30.78% and 28.20% in the growing season, respectively, compared to the N0 treatment. However, Rs in the non-growing season was not different across treatments. Rs was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture and these two factors accounted for 72%-97% and 74%-82% of variation in Rs, respectively. The soil respiration temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) was between 2.27 and 4.16 and N addition reduced Q₁₀ except in the N8 treatment.  相似文献   

南海IODP 349航次基底玄武岩中碳酸盐岩脉的岩石学特征*     

许佳锐  陈毅凤  王宝云 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(6):63-73

国际大洋发现计划(International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP)349航次在南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆残留扩张脊附近的U1431和U1433站位首次钻取基底玄武岩, 通过对16块基底玄武岩内的碳酸盐岩脉薄片镜下观察以及激光拉曼光谱分析, 揭示碳酸盐矿物为方解石和文石, 为典型的洋壳低温热液蚀变次生矿物。U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉为独立的方解石脉、文石脉交替出现; 而U1433站位则存在方解石脉、文石脉和方解石-文石共生脉三种情况。此外, U1431站位在基底~42.1m处出现了平行的方解石脉和文石脉, 揭示U1431存在不同来源热液的多期活动, 即可能存在多次或多阶段不同的热液注入。U1431和U1433站位的碳酸岩脉中, 文石的矿物集合体形状基本一致, 呈块状、纤维状和放射纤维状; 而方解石存在差异, U1431的方解石以斑块状、块状、粒状和纤维状出现, 而U1433的方解石仅出现块状。U1431站位的碳酸盐岩脉的丰度明显高于U1433站位。这些均揭示U1431站位的低温热液活动强, 而U1433站位则相对弱。两个站位的热液活动不同很可能是由于区域地质环境的差异造成——U1431附近的巨大海山为其提供了热液补给, 而U1433远离热液的补给/渗漏点。  相似文献   

武汉主城区液化潜能分区研究     

张祎  朱念  王薇  乔岳强 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(4):356-361

搜集并整理武汉主城区地震安全性评价控制性钻孔SPT-N资料，配合武汉市地震动参数小区划成果，采用规范法对各场地土层在罕遇地震作用下液化可能性进行判别。以液化指数作为分区指标并结合各场地坐标，绘制武汉主城区液化潜能分区图。分区图初步预测了罕遇地震发生以后，可能发生液化的区域及其严重性，且表明无论是分布面积还是液化潜能，长江右岸均大于长江左岸。通过与4次历史大震液化资料的对比分析，武汉主城区可能液化场地具有地下水位埋深浅、液化土层分布范围广、埋藏深度大的特点。  相似文献   

中国大城市的城市组成对城市热岛强度的影响研究     

王美雅  徐涵秋 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(12):1787-1798

城市的快速扩张诱发并加剧了城市热岛效应,对人类健康和生存发展提出严峻挑战,因此,探索城市组成对城市热岛的影响具有重要意义。本研究在传统城市热岛影响因子的基础上,重点分析城市组成与城市热岛的关系。以13个中国大城市为研究区,利用2015年夏季（6-8月）白天和夜间的MODIS LST数据计算城市热岛强度,并结合土地覆盖数据、人口、区位和气象数据,分析热岛强度和城市地表组成、地表空间格局、人口和区位4类因子的关系。研究结果表明：中国的13个大城市均存在不同程度的热岛效应,城市白天的热岛效应比夜间显著。影响城市白天热岛强度的主要因子为城市建筑用地和林地面积比例、城市建筑用地和林地平均斑块面积、城市建筑用地聚集度和人口密度。城市建筑用地和林地平均斑块面积、城市建筑用地聚集度和林地斑块密度是夜间热岛强度的主要影响因子。城市建筑用地面积和乡村林地面积的增加会导致城市热岛情况的加剧,而通过调节城市地表空间格局（减少平均建筑用地斑块面积和降低建筑用地斑块聚集度）可以更好地降低城市地表温度,减缓城市热岛效应。  相似文献   

Local Oceanic Vertical Deflection Determination with Gravity Data Along a Profile     

Jianbo Wang  Xin Liu  Yi Shen  Qiaoli Kong 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):24-43

Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) over oceans cannot be directly measured, which restricts their applications. A local covariance function of anomalous potential is put forward in this paper in conjunction with the least-squares collocation (LSC) method to compute the oceanic DOVs utilization of oceanic gravity data along a profile. The covariance functions of gravity field quantities have been derived directly as functions of x, y and z without the need to introduce coordinate transformations corresponding to along- or cross-profile components. In the proposed methodology, gravity data along a profile were used to calculate the residual gravity anomaly using the remove-compute-restore technique. The residual gravity anomaly was used to calculate the parameters of the proposed covariance function of the local anomalous gravity field, which was used in the LSC to compute the residual DOVs along the profile. The residual DOVs added model DOVs to recover the DOVs along the profile. The results of a simulation experiment prove that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective.  相似文献   

海水温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫影响的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩露  邓雪  李培峰  高先池  刘春颖 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):110-118

为研究浒苔释放生源硫的特征，本文对采集于黄海绿潮中期和末期的浒苔进行了实验室模拟培养，探讨了不同温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫化物的影响。实验结果表明，在10~25℃温度范围内，温度升高能够加速浒苔的衰亡。二甲基硫（DMS）的平均释放速率范围为2.79~150.70 nmol/（L·g·d），二甲基硫基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的平均释放速率范围为2.16~113.26 nmol/（L·g·d）。温度升高能够使DMS和DMSP的释放速率加快，释放量增加，DMS最大平均释放速率在25℃条件下比10℃条件下升高了约60%，培养液中DMS浓度升高了2~3倍。采集于绿潮末期的浒苔培养液中的DMS和DMSP和采集于绿潮中期的浒苔相比，浓度有所增加，采集于浒苔绿潮末期浒苔培养液中DMS的最高平均浓度为418.41 nmol/L，约为中期的4倍；DMSP的最高平均浓度为316.14 nmol/L，是中期的3倍。浒苔绿潮的爆发会对水体中的硫体系循环产生影响，进而影响该海域生态环境。  相似文献   

Wintertime rates of net primary production and nitrate and ammonium uptake in the southern Benguela upwelling system     

RF Flynn  JM Burger  K Pillay 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):253-266

The elevated levels of primary productivity associated with eastern boundary currents are driven by nutrient- rich waters upwelled from depth, such that these regions are typically characterised by high rates of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton growth. Production studies from the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) tend to be biased towards the summer upwelling season, yet winter data are required to compute annual budgets and understand seasonal variability. Net primary production (NPP) and nitrate and ammonium uptake were measured concurrently at six stations in the SBUS in early winter. While euphotic zone NPP was highest at the stations nearest to the coast and declined with distance from the shore, a greater proportion was potentially exportable from open-ocean surface waters, as indicated by the higher specific nitrate uptake rates and f-ratios (ratio of nitrate uptake to total nitrogen consumption) at the stations located off the continental shelf. Near the coast, phytoplankton growth was predominantly supported by ammonium despite the high ambient nitrate concentrations. Along with ammonium concentrations as high as 3.6 µmol l^–1, this strongly suggests that nitrate uptake in the inshore SBUS, and by extension carbon drawdown, is inhibited by ammonium, at least in winter, although this has also been hypothesised for the summer.  相似文献